Castleton-on-Hudson is a very small village located in the state of New York. With a population of 1,459 people and two associated neighborhoods, Castleton-on-Hudson is the 681st largest community in New York. Much of the housing stock in Castleton-on-Hudson was built prior to World War II, making it one of the older and more historic villages in the country.

One interesting thing about the economy is that relatively large numbers of people worked from their home: 13.56% of the workforce. While this number may seem small overall, as a fraction of the total workforce this is high compared to the rest of the county. These workers are often telecommuters who work in knowledge-based, white-collar professions. For example, Silicon Valley has large numbers of people who telecommute. Other at-home workers may be self-employed people who operate small businesses out of their homes.

The percentage of people in Castleton-on-Hudson who are college-educated is somewhat higher than the average US community of 21.84%: 26.97% of adults in Castleton-on-Hudson have at least a bachelor's degree.

The per capita income in Castleton-on-Hudson in 2022 was $33,761, which is lower middle income relative to New York, and middle income relative to the rest of the US. This equates to an annual income of $135,044 for a family of four. However, Castleton-on-Hudson contains both very wealthy and poor people as well.

The people who call Castleton-on-Hudson home describe themselves as belonging to a variety of racial and ethnic groups. The greatest number of Castleton-on-Hudson residents report their race to be White, followed by Black or African-American. Important ancestries of people in Castleton-on-Hudson include German, Irish, English, Italian, and French.

The most common language spoken in Castleton-on-Hudson is English. Other important languages spoken here include Spanish and Polish.